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Witnesses Inventor 4 WIW eitnl www THEODOR T. WOODRFF, OF PHILDELPHIA'PENNSYLVA Laim .Puma No. 86,486, iawdFetrua/rys, 186s.

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Beitknown that I, Tnnononn '.l. Woon'nnrr, of the city and county of Philadelphia, and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements ni the Mode of Gonstructing Movable Seats Iand Couches for Railroad-Cars; and I dov hereby de.

clare that the following is a full, clear, and exact descnptlon thereof,reference` heing had to the accompanying drawings, making' a part of this specification,

reference being had to the letters of reference thereon marked. V

Figure 1, of the drawings, is a longitudinal vertical section of a division of a lrailroad-car, representing anA elevation of one series of seats, and 'also representing the position of couches for such division, when suchl couches are not in use. f

l Figure-2 is another longitudinal vertical section, representing the seats'removed,and couches spread out for use.

Figure 3 is a cross-vertical section of the same, taken at the line A a of iig. 2, representing 4the mer chanical ldevicesfor holding. thc couches, and the dif- .ferent positions ofthe couches.

Like letters represent like parts in the letters of reference upon the drawings accompanying this petition. V Y

My said invention relates to .the method 4of .constructing seats and couches for railroad-cars, so that either seats or couches can be removed conveniently,

to give place to the others, so as to allow ,passengers to occupy either a seater couch in the same space in the "can l Here follow the lettersof reference:

a, the oor of the car. b, the side. I

c c, the windows.

d, the roof.

exe, the partitions.

f f f f, ledges, or cleats, on which the seats and their hacks rest.

-g g, the seat-arms.

h h., the seats.

i i, seat-backs.

jj, riser, under the seat.

l l,braces, or stretchers, to support the couches.

m m m, front rail of the couches.4

n n rn, apron or support for mattress. lines in iig. 3.)

o o o, metallic rod in 1 and 2.) y

- q q q q, mattresses.- (See iig. 3.)

'r r fr, pillows.

s s vs s, series of hooks or supports, for the back edge of-aprons.

t t t t, stops, upon-which rest the braces or stretchers which support the couches.

u u u u, eyes or supports for iig. 2.) l

(See dotted back edge of apron. (See -gs.

front rail m. (See In the accompanying drawingsa. represents the'iloor of the car;

b, lone-side, with the usual windows c o and d, the roof.

The car is to have the usual longitudinal passagewaybetween the ranges of seats, and is to be. divided, by cross-vertical partitions e e, into longitudinal comfnlLIength. l v

The partitions extend little more than half of4 the distance between the side of the car and the longitudinal passage-way, and inthe recess thus formed, two seats, lz. h, are placed, with arms, g g, between the seat and the longitudinal passage-way.

The seats are supported on ledges or cleats, f f ff, as seen in the drawing` The backs of the seats i i are to be supported by -the same ledge or cleats f f f f, and -byrthe partitions e e. I

There is .to be a riser, jj, under the front edge'orj each seat, extending from the floor to theseat,A the same to he held in its place by buttons or bolts, so that the riser may be removed. A

It may be hinged to the licor, so as to be allowed to fall upon the floor, by turning the buttons, or by sliding bolts.

By the method thus specified, -tWo seats in each compartment are provided, either of which is intended for two persons. Thus each compartment accommodates four personswith seats, as will be readily seen .by reference to fig. 1. i

I now proceed to describe the couches.

Couch M is constructed by a continuous apron of canvas, or some other stout flexible material, extending the length and breadth of the compartment, with a broad hem'in one edge of it, and a narrower 'one in the other edge, the said hems being of a width, in one edge, to receive a cylindrical rail, M, of a suflicient size to give the required strength, when only supported drawings.

The rail m will be provided with pivots, one at each the hem of the apron, and eyelets worked in the back edge of the said apron, as seen in figs. 1 and 2, so as to allow the'hooks s s s s to enter into the said eyelets, and clasp the rod o.

The rod o may be placed .upon the hooks s s s s the front rail fm. maybe then carried np, so as to place the apronupon an angle of about forty-tive degrees. Then the two braces l'l maybe placed, with'their tenons entering into the sockets, near the partitions c c, and below the rod o then the pivots in the .front rail in. may Venter lintothe bearings in their front ends. Then the rail may be carried down to a level with the rod o, where the braces ll will rest -upon their partrnents o f sufficient length for persons to lie down at the extreme ends, and the otherv edge to receive a end, and the rod o being inserted into and through may be placed in position, l

applying the rod 0,. of the couch M3, to the upper series ot' hooks s s s s, and 'then carry its front `rail m up to the lower series of eyes u u, and insert the pivots of the railjnto the said eyes or-bearings. Then'roll the apron of couch Mz upon itsrailV m, and then placethe roll, thus rolled, over and into the apron of couch M.

Then, witl1 theapronof couchMl, spreadvout and carry it'up tothe irst couch-apron, put up in its elevated position, and drop its back edge over into and upon the one first elevated, and allow the apron to slide over into the one first put up, so that the two front and m, will come together, leaving the last rail hanging outside. Then place all of the mattresses upon the apron first put up, and then take hold of the 'rail hanging over, and carry it up to the upper series of eyes u u,

and enter its pivots into .the said eyes. Thus they will be so arranged that there will be a series of eyes or bearings, so as to receivev all three of the rails m m m. The mattresses and aprons' being disposed of, the pillow-sheetsand covers may be packed away in the enclosed space under `the seats.

' The lower couch M is intended for two persons, the

middle couch M2 is intended for one person, and the upper couch M3 is intended for one person.

The seats and couches being thus described, it is clear to be seen that in the space where four seats are provided, four couches are also provided, and-that they can be conveniently removed, so that the seats may be removed, to give place tothe couches, or that the couches may be removed, to give place to the seats.

AI am aware that seats for railroad-cars have been constructed very similar to those which I have described, but they differ in a material point of view. They were intended to serve as seats,`and also as couches, and to be used `in two different capacities. Their movements were similar to those I have herein described, yet they differ in this respect. I rest myseat and my seat-backs upon supports similar to the ones previously in u se as seats, but the movements are quite different. When my ssats are not in use, they are placed upon the door, so as tomake room for aseparate and be placed upon the apron,

v t0 make room for couches,

distinct couch, and constitute no part-of a couch, while thosefpreviously in use are only slightly depressed, and spread out upon supports, so aste form a couch therefore my seat differs from the ones previously known, and is a distinctive feature in my said invention.

It will'be obvious, from the foregoing, that many changes may bc made in the merc mode of construction, without`materially changing the principle of my said invention. I apply several series of hooks s s s s at diti'erent elevations, so that the couches may be used at different heights, according to circumstances,

YValthoughfrm@ deserted mysan-1 "intention as" heilig applicable to cars, as now generally employed on railroads in this country, with apassage-way along the middle of thecars, from end to end, which requires the couches to be placed longitudinally along the sides, it will be obvious that my said invention can be ap` plied with equal iacility with the couches placed across the car '5' andwhen the seat is elongated, so as to make room for four persons upon one seat, the said elongated seat may be constructed in the same method as herein specified, and be removed in like manner, so as to be in like manner applied, either in open carsor in state-rooms.

Theaprons which. support tix-e mattresses may be lined -or faced with some suitable material, so as to present a rich and ornamental appearance when exposed to View.

f What I claim, anddesu'e to'seourev by Letters Patent, is-

1. The hammock, constructed as described, and attachedto the side of the cars, when suspended by the bars ll, and their supports, all constructed and contrived to operate substantially as and for the purpose set forth.`

2. In combination with the described construction of couches, the seats contrived to be removable, as and` for the purposes described.

3. The mode of securingthe hammocks and bedding, when not in use, in the upper part of the ear, in such amauner that one of the hammocks may be used to cover and hold all the others and the bedding, as and for the purpose set forth.

THEODORE T. WOODRUFF.

Witnesses:

WM'. D nmus, EDM. F. BnowN. 

